Blank immigration notes Free Essays

Industrial Revolution Effect replace cheaply unhygienic living conditions, â€Å"Their standard way of life was one of slow starvation. † Population increased; on the rise. More people competed for fewer resources, land. We will write a custom essay sample on Blank immigration notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Food, Jobs Political Religious Persecution Eastern Europe Jews could not move beyond the Pale† Stripped of their legal rights, (1/3 of Europe. Pop) The Lure of Life in America Newspaper articles letters painted USA as a â€Å"Lollipops on every corner† American businesses 1 OFF â€Å"Gold on the sidewalk†, and †¦ Why? Hardships – Used all of their savings ( Getting from interior lands to coastal port cities was The Journey Across the Atlantic Steamship Accommodations ; 8-14 days; steel hull ships First second class was unaffordable for MOST immigrants – no windows, no ventilation, cramped On Average: Living Conditions in Steerage Uncomfortable at best, inhumane at worst No sunlight, no fresh air, smell unbearable Contagious diseases ( Cabin Class Replaced steerage after it was removed This is where 1st and 2nd class were accommodated We Have Arrived! Arriving in America 75% of all immigrants Passengers crowded the decks to see their new home Skyscrapers to the northeast, to the west. Most memorable moment, immigrants seeing Lady Liberty â€Å"l Looked with wonder on this miraculous land of our dreams. † Who can quote the plaque at the base of the Statue of Liberty? â€Å"Give your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door. † After Just passing the Statue of Liberty, lay the , legal and medical inspections 1st 2nd Class Inspections 1st 2nd Class passengers simply prepared for Arriving at Ellis Island and entered the USA Steerage passengers Most passengers boarded crowded barges ; Separated into Hope, fear, excitement, uncertainty On the whole, it was an † † policy Weed out weak and mentally defective exam and then a more thorough exam Escorted to holding rooms for additional examinations shoulder with chalk † for heart problems † for hernia † for lameness † for mental difficult , looking for and Mark your right Upon completion of medical inspections, the Legal Inspections: The Registry Hall After medical inspection, immigrants faced a iron railings was next in tight lines shaped by Match answers from ship manifest with face-to-face answers Name Change? Schoolbooks = Smith The Final inspection Lasted only Asked to confirm answers from manifest If immigrants passed all the inspections†¦ They were free to go – Ethnic Enclaves Leaving Ellis Island After approval, immigrants sought the next step of their Journey. After arriving in US, New York City, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia By 1920, 75% of foreign-born residents lived in cities Settled in † † or ethnic neighborhoods Living Conditions City Tenement Buildings Cities ill-equipped to handle massive Streets filled with waste due to inadequate sewage systems , run-down, low-rent apartments clustered together in poorest areas of cities Some examples from a city worker in New York City Building with People 3 room apartment people Perils of Tenement Living Toilets in yards; coal stove for heat One social worker could not locate a single bathtub in more than three city blocks in tenement housing 40% of immigrants developed Rural Living Conditions 60% of immigrant (HIGH MIR) Some settled in California, Midwest, Florida Relatively Midwest Blizzards, , dust storms Working Conditions The Immigrant Workforce Mostly American industries were growing rapidly Desperate, wanting leave agricultural Jobs in Europe Worker exploitation, intolerable working conditions work hours per week Dangerous, unsanitary, uncomfortable Improved Standard of Living? Despite horrible conditions, most were better off than they were in Europe $ per year in Europe, in US for farm laborers. America’s Treatment of Immigrants American Natives Native-born Americans viewed new immigrants with fear, hostility, suspicion belief was based on new immigrants posing a threat Deep-seated Americans of northern/western Europe looked down on southern/eastern Europeans British, German, Scandinavian people were considered â€Å"free, energetic, progressive† Slavic, Mediterranean, Jews were viewed as â€Å"historically down-trodden, atavistic [inbred], and stagnant Natives worked to restrict the number of immigrants Literacy tests, preventing † Asked for laws restricting number of immigrants allowed to enter 1921, Established for the number of immigrants the US would accept from each country Dialing Bill marked the end of the immigration † in US history. Greatest † policy, ending the How to cite Blank immigration notes, Papers

Apax partners ad Xerium S.A. free essay sample

Apax took a well-designed strategy to bid for Xerium. First, they understood it was not a competitive auction. Secondly, they took advantage of the momentum and circumstances of the seller that was under distress. Finally, they spent huge resources to analyze and calculate the value of Xerium to Apax. First, they analyzed the competitors in the auction. The team observed it was a very opaque industry with only few companies public, limiting the access to information. Luckily, Apax had a competitive advantage (Wangner’s expertise) in the industry which allows Apax to know the sector inside and out. In addition to this, it seemed to be a very stable business with no high upside potential so the market was not heated about this sell. Furthermore, Apax analyzed the other bidders. They wanted to know if competitors where really interested in Xerium and what was the value for the competitors. Second, Apax understood why the company was being sold. We will write a custom essay sample on Apax partners ad Xerium S.A. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The seller needed to sell this side business because Invensys was in distressed. Xerium was an easy way to cash in and an appealing asset to sell since it was a stable cash generator. Apax also realized they had big bargaining power because they were the only strong and strategic bidders and probably the natural acquirer because of the synergies with Wangner-Finckh. Finally, in order to come up for the value of Xerium to Apax, they did an exhaustive and expensive due diligence in order to find synergies, potential cost inefficiencies and revenue streams. The complexity of the business and the cost of accessing to information also discouraged competitors. Even though they over-due-diligence and over-spend competitors after this process, they knew more about the company than the seller. This and the fact that seller was hurrying to sell the company gave Apax a lot of bargaining power into the negotiation and into the transaction. A minor point is that Apax also did tax structuring to decrease the tax burden. Apax was very smart in its strategy. For all these reasons Apax could negotiate and not overpay for the transaction. On the other hand, Apax added value to Xerium by refinancing (repaying high coupon), two small acquisitions (consolidation), hiring Tom Gutierrez (industry experience), emphasis on RD (market leadership), cost savings, alignment of management incentives, and leverage on Wangner expertise. These actions allowed Apax to reform Xerium and brought a better Xerium to the market in 2002. 2. What should Apax do with Xerium in 2002? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each option? Why not an IPO? The options that Apex was facing includes A) accepting the bid, B) renegotiation with the third buyer, C) recapitalization, D) IPO, and E) divestiture of two business units. Brief pros-and-cons of each option are listed below. Option Pros Cons Accepting the bid Quick and clean exit Educated buyer Lower than expected valuation Market downturn pressuring the price Renegotiation with the third bidder Clean exit (but not quick) Partly educated buyers Distracting management from operations Being left in the disadvantage in negotiations Market downturn further pressuring price Recapitalization Cash flow earlier Potential of consolidation Potential of a higher price Price increase not guaranteed Low interest from buyers in the future IPO Too small for IPO Low interest in the paper sector Slow in filing, selling, and exit processes Falling financial markets Divestiture Attracting strategic buyers Potential of a higher price Restarting the process Time consuming in restructuring Unsatisfied management Redundant fees to banks Accepting the bid provides the quickest and cleanest exit for Apax. The buyer is already educated thus the time needed is limited. While the 29% IRR (see below Question 3) is still a good return to boost the performance of its Fund IV, it is hard for the fund managers to accept 935M in the end, since the bidding started with some 1 billion. Also, the market downturn in the paper industry may have a pressure on the price compared with its real value. Renegotiating with the third bidder is also a clean exit for Apax with the target buyer partly educated. Unfortunately, another round of negotiation will distract the management from operations, especially when Xerium is being put in the disadvantage side in the negotiation. As the only potential buyer, the third bidder may raise a lot of special requests including but not limited to price and due diligence. Moreover, the bidder has the incentive to â€Å"take his time† in making the decision, since the market downturn may further pressure the price. Recapitalization seems to be the best alternative discussed in the case, mainly because of the underlying 39% IRR (discussed below). There are chances to expand the pie (through consolidation and/or operational improvement) and sell it at a higher price, taking the advantage of the potential market pick-up in 2003. Two potential risks are that the higher price is not guaranteed and that there is low interest from financial buyers and no powerful strategic buyer, future selling negotiations may take time again. IPO is not feasible either. As discussed in the case, the company, although the market leader in its field, is too small in terms of revenue for an IPO. The paper sector is not hot either, thus the price won’t be too high. Furthermore, in an IPO transaction, the procedure of filing and selling will take a long time, and the fully exit may take years (with lock-up period). Thus the timing issue doesn’t meet Apax’s wish. Divestiture is not discussed in the case, but we think it might also be an option. As is mentioned in the case, the two business units Xerium operates are totally different in terms of customers’ needs/treatment (high quality + commodity vs. reliability + specialty) and Xerium’s operations (RD vs. on-site). Also, the main reason why Xerium failed to attract strategic buyers is its size (too big). Therefore, maybe separating its two business units and sell to different strategic buyers can increase not only the demand but also the transaction price. Since the current selling process is not fruitful and it looks bad to go back to talk to the third bidder, the new process will open a new round in which Apax and Xerium can re-choose their pool. However, this process will be very time consuming (this time not only in selling but also in the restructuring process). Also associated with the divestiture is the low morale of the current management team, who knows they will be fired when the business units are sold to the strategic buyers. Last but not least, the divestiture process will incur double consulting fees. 3. As part of #2 above, show the returns to Apax by taking the offer versus doing a leveraged recapitalization and selling later The returns to Apax for taking the offer versus doing a leveraged recapitalization are 29% and 38% IRR, respectively. The latter was reached based on a 5. 6x EBITDA exit multiple for the recapitalization scenario, the same exit multiple that is current on the table in 2002. We are assuming the sales price from the third bidder is higher (otherwise Apax won’t think about it anyway), thus the IRR will be 30%. However, the risk is also higher, and the 1% in increase can hardly compensate the additional risks. In this case, it would appear that the returns of the recapitalization scenario are large enough to justify these risks with its own pros and cons are discussed above.

Medical Ethics Arguments for Medical Dishonesty

Introduction American citizens demand ethical medical care besides the ordinary affordable medical care. Ethical principles are prerequisite to ensure patients’ protection, guarantee integrity, to sustain least standards of quality, and to curb extravagant and deceitful expenditure of medical care resources.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, without the protection of ethics, the medical care organization will be an analogy of a financial jungle, within which the fast and the superior will enjoy enormous financial gain over the sick and the susceptible. Obviously, such a setting would not appeal to the public when they are sick, vulnerable or weak (Miller, 1998). Americans are increasingly finding out that the managed care system mostly does not meet the expectations of the consumers. The managed care system focuses primarily on reducing cost to increase profits, while its consideration on the ethics and quality of care comes second. In spite of the widespread reports by the media and medical care practitioners on unethical managed care practices, the managed care sector is not responding positively to the allegations (Miller, 1998). Medical dishonesty The ethics literature dealing with deceit of patients dedicates a lot of its resources to uncover the definition of deceit. In this context I will explore beyond the direct passing on false information. This paper will also include the deliberate decision to hold back from the terminally ill patient information which, the physician contemplates to have a crucial impact on the patient. Based on this definition, deceiving a cancer patient who wishes to know his or her diagnosis, will entail falsehood surpassing the act of merely telling the patient that he is cancer free. It will as well encompass half-truths intended to deceive, for instan ce the respond that s/he has a metaplasia or elusion with an equal objective, such as uttering deceitfully that there is not yet sufficient information to discern. In day to day terms, distinction between deceit, half-truths and elusions, although such distinctions do not play a major part in ethical debate concerning these issues and they are generalized as deceit (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The ethical concern emerging from a physician’s prospect to deceive a patient have transformed within the past two centuries. This period has corresponded with enhanced knowledge of the concerns for the general medical ethics, which has been facilitated through an improved public training, an improved public appreciation of individual privileges, and the mushrooming of medical consumer associations and patient representative (Mitchell Terence, 1991).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prior to the referred period, it was basically thought that deceit of patients was reasonable in specific situations and, in fact it was commonly regarded as a Nobel ethical and medical practice (Lipkin, 1991 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The basis for such perspective was seldom defined, although it was normally based on primum non nocere [the doctor’s maxim]; implying that despite everything he or she must not harm the sick (Meyer, 1969 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Argument for medical dishonesty Traditional premises Various arguments have been raised to account for an act of dishonesty towards patients, including; (a) on certain situations when telling the truth may harm the patient, (b) physicians should not be the source of patient’s pain, and (c) in such situations the doctors are obliged to refrain from telling their patients the truth (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Basically the argument can be convincingly demonstrated using a clinical vignette. This scenario usually entails an elderly terminally cancer patient left with a short time left before s/he dies. It is supposed that telling such patient the truth about her fate and that such an act will only serve to exacerbate her condition. It is far much better to keep her in the dark, with a fabrication. The incidence of such principle was evident in different research studies in the 1950s and 1960s verifying that physicians tended to withhold information about diagnosis from their cancer patients (Oken, 1976 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Changes in traditional premises Presently, with regard of disclosure of truth to patients about their cancer diagnosis, seem to have taken a new direction (Novack, Plummer, Smith, 1979 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Despite the arguments for its past appeal, this position has few supporters in contemporary medical ethics literature. Two connected objections have been proposed against the traditional v iewpoint. The first re-checks the basis of the previous argument, whereas the second bring in the idea of autonomy. The first objection refutes both basis of the argument. The proceeding paragraphs will explore on the amendment of the two traditional premises for lying to patient. Premise 1 asserts that in certain circumstances disclosing the truth is associated with more harm compared to the harm caused when lying to the patient (Buchanan, 1978). To holdback from the terminally ill patient the gravity of her impeding end, translates to his deprivation of the opportunity to just say goodbye, to resolve past scores, or to put his or her affairs properly. Progressively, perhaps the patient may contemplate the gravity of the condition and embrace the ideology that she is approaching death (Kubler-Ross, 1969, cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995), such that there will be no gain and may cause the patient to lose faith with the family members and the physician.Advertising We will w rite a custom research paper sample on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, most patients manage well the awareness of there imminent demise and some are actually calmed by it (Kubler-ross, 1975, cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Clearly, the patient does not gain anything from the physician’s deceit (Bok, 1978 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Secondly, the same objection refutes the diction of premise 2. As a matter of fact, the physician’s roles extend far past the patient he or she is attending. He or she must take into consideration the wellbeing of the community as well as other patients. Taking into account the expanded responsibilities, the premise 2 changes as described in the following paragraph (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The second premise asserts that doctors should not be responsible whatsoever in harming the patient. If the deceit of t erminally ill patients is publicized, it means that other patients are anxious of their imminent demise may lose faith in their physicians and probably imagine the worst. Clearly, this unprecedented practice has adverse implications on other patients (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). With the implementation of theses novel premises, it is clear that this exposes the doctor to a dilemma. How will she be able to tell when a lie may cause more good than harm? She would not be able to tell due to the numerous factors to take into account and the best option is one that will cause minimal suffering, which is by consistently telling the truth (Buchanan, 1978). The second objection integrates the notion of autonomy; self-sufficiency. Usually, mature persons have the ability to make decision concerning their lives, so that they focus the path of their destiny. Such objection purports that individuals have the privilege to implement that ability whether or not it causes harm. A person cannot s uccessful practice own autonomy in case s/he does not have enough information to base her or his decisions. Thus, to holdback information from a patient translates to restraining his or her autonomy an act which the physician has no entitlement to (Robinson, 1973 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Physician must tell the truth all the time. A few researchers, nevertheless, still maintain that although a direct lie may be harmful, ‘benevolent deception’ is tolerable (Jackson, 1991). This concept is different from lying in the a daily sense and concerns distortions, elusions and attempt to white wash a patient that is sufficient to qualify as an outright lie.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This maneuver possesses a characteristic which relates to how well it suits the ethics of the ‘white lie’. In fact even the researchers who oppose it, have problem with evading its influence (Bakhurst, 1992). Futuristically, benevolent deception will not succeed in quelling the opposition to aforementioned deceit. Conclusion Health care service consumers who access information on the unethical health care practices have an upper hand in maneuvering through current managed health care processes. Furthermore, certain steps should be taken to curb the ethical decline in health care system. With the increasing knowledge on ethical issues in the health care delivery system, the consumers and professionals can collaborate to campaign against unethical practices such as this. Reference List Bakhurst, D. (1992). On lying and deceiving. Journal of medical ethics; 18: 63-66. Buchanan, A. (1978). Medical paternalism. Philosophy and public affairs; 7: 371-390. Jackson, J. (1991). T elling the truth. Journal of medical ethics; 17: 5-9. Miller, I. (1998). Eleven Unethical Managed Care Practices Every Patient Should Know About. Commack, New York: The National Coalition. Retrieved from www.terryzenner.com/Managed_Care/managed_care.htm Mitchell, K. R., Terence, J. L. (1991). Bioethics for medical and health professionals. Wentworthfalls, NSW: Social Science Press. Ryan, C. J., de Moore, G., Patfield, M. (1995). Becoming none but tradesmen: lies, deception and psychotic patients. Journal of medical ethics; 21: 72-76Â  doi: 10.1136/jme.21.2.72 This research paper on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty was written and submitted by user Kaeden Rhodes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Breakdown Of Society Essays - Parenting, Divorce, Marriage

The Breakdown Of Society Essays - Parenting, Divorce, Marriage The Breakdown of Society : Over the years, people have brought forward hundreds of proposals for the breakdown of society. One of the more popular, or perhaps notorious, depending on your point of view, has placed the blame on the rising predominance of single parent households in society. I personally have trouble believing that one problem can be held responsible for all of societys ills. However, I can definitely see how some people could feel so strongly about this. Coming from a two-parent family, I cannot speak from experience about life in a single parent household; but I do have friends and acquaintances that were brought up in single parent households. When I spent time with these people and their families, it became quite clear to me that their way of life, though not necessarily better or worse than mine, was certainly not the same. They were clearly missing certain aspects of life that I was accustomed to. For instance, while growing up, I always had the experience of two adults on which I could draw in order to form my own opinions, whereas the children who had grown up with only one parent were not afforded this luxury. I always felt bad for them because I had something that they didnt have. Whenever I brought it up, they became very defensive of the parent they lived with, and accused me of being shortsighted. Financially, single parent households seem to be at a definite disadvantage compared to households with both parents. There are many statistics showing how difficult it is to support a family on one income. Even the United States department of Health and Human Services has declared, It is no longer feasible in America to enjoy a middle class standard of living without the presence of two incomes (Burk, 1). This problem seems to be worsened by the unfair system of transfer payments that has been implemented by our government. It becomes a case of two families living on two incomes, rather than the traditional system of one family living on the same two incomes. Recent efforts to criminalize non-payment of child support are ludicrous. It gives boys the message that when they grow up and foolishly become fathers themselves, their lives will be destroyed by bitter wives, just like their fathers before them had their lives ruined. Girls, on the other hand, get the impression that they can grow up and become breeder mommies whose lives will be subsidized by government sanctioned child support. The net effect is bitter children with a warped sense of values. In addition to marring the children, this also poses the question of how a father would be able to pay child support from prison (Burk, 2). Clearly, this is a very obtuse point of view. To blame all of this problem solely on either the mothers or the fathers would be cruelly unfair. Obviously both parents should be held both financially and emotionally responsible for the raising of a child, even if the child only lives with one of these parents. Some fair system must be designed so that a child can be financially supported, without draining the assets of the non-custodial parent. I personally feel that a child would be able to get just as much love and emotional nourishment from one parent as a child would get from both. Though there may be more of a financial burden, I think that children of single parent families can live as full, happy, and successful a life as their two-parent counterparts. Surely, there must be thousands of children from single parent households who have made very successful lives for themselves despite their upbringings. Or, maybe their single parent upbringing actually contr! ibuted to their success. Perhaps some children thrive on the difficulties that they faced as children and are all the better for having gone through it. Statistically, however, far more social pathologies can be found among children from single parent households than can be found among children from two parent households. There is a broad spectrum of these problems, obviously rooted in single parenting: 63% of all youth suicides are committed by children from single parent households; 70% of all teenage pregnancies

What a Java Package Is In Programming

What a Java Package Is In Programming Programmers are an organized bunch when it comes to writing code. They like to arrange their programs so that they flow in a logical way, calling separate blocks of code that each has a particular job. Organizing the classes they write is done by creating packages. What Packages Are A package allows a developer to group classes (and interfaces) together. These classes will all be related in some way – they might all be to do with a specific application or perform a specific set of tasks. For example, the Java API is full of packages. One of them is the javax.xml package. It and its sub packages contain all the classes in the Java API to do with handling XML. Defining a Package To group classes into a package, each class must have a package statement defined at the top of its .java file. It lets the compiler know which package the class belongs to and must be the first line of code. For example, imagine youre making a simple Battleships game. It makes sense to put all the classes needed in a package called battleships: package battleships class GameBoard{ } Every class with the above package statement at the top will now be part of the Battleships package. Typically packages are stored in a corresponding directory on the filesystem but it is possible to store them in a database. The directory on the filesystem must have the same name as the package. Its where all the classes belonging to that package are stored. For example, if the battleships package contains the classes GameBoard, Ship, ClientGUI then there will be files called GameBoard.java, Ship.java and ClientGUI.java stored in a directory call battleships. Creating a Hierarchy Organizing classes doesnt have to be at just one level. Every package can have as many sub packages as needed. To distinguish the package and subpackage a . is placed in-between the package names. For example, the name of the javax.xml package shows that XML is a sub package of the javax package. It doesnt stop there, under XML there are 11 sub packages: bind, crypto, datatype, namespace, parsers, soap, stream, transform, validation, ws, and XPath. The directories on the file system must match the package hierarchy. For example, the classes in the javax.xml.crypto package will live in a directory structure of ..\javax\xml\crypto. It should be noted that the hierarchy created is not recognized by the compiler. The names of the packages and sub-packages show the relationship that the classes they contain have with each other. But, as far as the compiler is concerned each package is a distinct set of classes. It does not view a class in a subpackage as being part of its parent package. This distinction becomes more apparent when it comes to using packages. Naming Packages There is a standard naming convention for packages. Names should be in lowercase. With small projects that only have a few packages the names are typically simple (but meaningful!) names: package pokeranalyzer package mycalculator In software companies and large projects, where the packages might be imported into other classes, the names need to be distinctive. If two different packages contain a class with the same name its important that there can be no naming conflict. This is done by ensuring the package names are different by starting the package name with the company domain, before being split into layers or features: package com.mycompany.utilities package org.bobscompany.application.userinterface

The Role of Larval Therapy as an Alternative to Conventional Treatment Essay

The Role of Larval Therapy as an Alternative to Conventional Treatment for Acute or Chronic Wounds - Essay Example An official history of larval therapy started in the early 1930s when American surgeon William Baer introduced the maggot therapy into the clinical practice (SMTL, 2003). He and his followers used sterile maggots and proved the efficiency of larval therapy of purulent surgical infection. But in spite of the huge amounts of articles published before the Second World War, we cannot use them for current analysis of evidence. The medicine passed long distance since the first attempts to manage heavy wounds were made and simple methods of maggot sterilization were introduced. When the era of antibiotics started medical community forgot about larvae. When surgeons faced the problem of antibiotic resistance and nosocomial infections they thinks were turned back to the larval therapy. But is this medical technology evidence based? To answer this question there was performed information search in the modern electronic databases Medline, Ovid, Direct Science and CIHAHL. The used keywords are presented as follows: â€Å"larval therapy†, â€Å"wound healing†, â€Å"maggot†, and â€Å"evidence-based practice†. Appropriate Boolean operands â€Å"OR†, â€Å"AND† and â€Å"NOR† were used also. To optimize search results and increase their relevance and pertinence the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) thesaurus was applied, e.g. subheadings â€Å"Wound Healing/physiology"[MeSH] and "Larva"[MeSH]. The preferences were given to the systematic reviews, meta-analyses and primary data of randomized clinical trials, i.e. to the information sources of the I level of evidence, as well as to the clinical guidelines based on the best evidence. Evidence-based practice can be determined as the concept of integrating the most current scientific evidence in making decisions about the delivery of healthcare services. There are several levels of evidence depending on the qualitative characteristics and the design of study. The highest level of evidence is represented by meta-analyses and/or systematic  reviews.

Comparing the Great Depression to the Great Recession Essay

Comparing the Great Depression to the Great Recession - Essay Example Economists have often compared the two economic bad that have affected people throughout the world. This paper shall provide a comparative discussion on the two economic phenomena and draw parallels and differences on the two. To achieve this, the essay shall provide an outline understanding of the events that lead to the 1930s great depression, and the economic policy responses that were executed to handle the situation, and thereafter provide an understanding of the events that precipitated the 2008-2009 recession and the policy responses. Finally this paper shall provide a discussion of the major points raised by analysis of both phenomena. The exact cause of the market crash that lead to the great depression in the 1930s has been a subject of great debate, in as much as most economists contend that the 1929 New York market crash was just the smokescreen of the great depression; however, the crises are more complicated and multifaceted (Eichengreen et al., 53). The great depression affected every bit of the world economy: manufacturing, agricultural, financial, political and social, and it is deemed the longest crisis with grave consequences. Much like the global financial crisis that occurred in the late 2000s, the United States led the way, and soon spread to the rest of the world. After the First World War, the period in the 1920s was synonymous with a economic boom, and the world economy was enjoying a period of improved growths, and in a similar manner the United States experiencing high growths was being referred to as the roaring twenties. The economic boom created a situation in which stock prices rose in every sector of the United States, and was not only confined to real estate; in fact, Galbraith (16) insists that between May 1924 and December 1925, there was an average of eighty percent rise in stock prices. To maximize their income on investment that were escalating, investors borrowed heavily, but economic theory always predicts