Medical Ethics Arguments for Medical Dishonesty

Introduction American citizens demand ethical medical care besides the ordinary affordable medical care. Ethical principles are prerequisite to ensure patients’ protection, guarantee integrity, to sustain least standards of quality, and to curb extravagant and deceitful expenditure of medical care resources.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, without the protection of ethics, the medical care organization will be an analogy of a financial jungle, within which the fast and the superior will enjoy enormous financial gain over the sick and the susceptible. Obviously, such a setting would not appeal to the public when they are sick, vulnerable or weak (Miller, 1998). Americans are increasingly finding out that the managed care system mostly does not meet the expectations of the consumers. The managed care system focuses primarily on reducing cost to increase profits, while its consideration on the ethics and quality of care comes second. In spite of the widespread reports by the media and medical care practitioners on unethical managed care practices, the managed care sector is not responding positively to the allegations (Miller, 1998). Medical dishonesty The ethics literature dealing with deceit of patients dedicates a lot of its resources to uncover the definition of deceit. In this context I will explore beyond the direct passing on false information. This paper will also include the deliberate decision to hold back from the terminally ill patient information which, the physician contemplates to have a crucial impact on the patient. Based on this definition, deceiving a cancer patient who wishes to know his or her diagnosis, will entail falsehood surpassing the act of merely telling the patient that he is cancer free. It will as well encompass half-truths intended to deceive, for instan ce the respond that s/he has a metaplasia or elusion with an equal objective, such as uttering deceitfully that there is not yet sufficient information to discern. In day to day terms, distinction between deceit, half-truths and elusions, although such distinctions do not play a major part in ethical debate concerning these issues and they are generalized as deceit (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The ethical concern emerging from a physician’s prospect to deceive a patient have transformed within the past two centuries. This period has corresponded with enhanced knowledge of the concerns for the general medical ethics, which has been facilitated through an improved public training, an improved public appreciation of individual privileges, and the mushrooming of medical consumer associations and patient representative (Mitchell Terence, 1991).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prior to the referred period, it was basically thought that deceit of patients was reasonable in specific situations and, in fact it was commonly regarded as a Nobel ethical and medical practice (Lipkin, 1991 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The basis for such perspective was seldom defined, although it was normally based on primum non nocere [the doctor’s maxim]; implying that despite everything he or she must not harm the sick (Meyer, 1969 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Argument for medical dishonesty Traditional premises Various arguments have been raised to account for an act of dishonesty towards patients, including; (a) on certain situations when telling the truth may harm the patient, (b) physicians should not be the source of patient’s pain, and (c) in such situations the doctors are obliged to refrain from telling their patients the truth (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Basically the argument can be convincingly demonstrated using a clinical vignette. This scenario usually entails an elderly terminally cancer patient left with a short time left before s/he dies. It is supposed that telling such patient the truth about her fate and that such an act will only serve to exacerbate her condition. It is far much better to keep her in the dark, with a fabrication. The incidence of such principle was evident in different research studies in the 1950s and 1960s verifying that physicians tended to withhold information about diagnosis from their cancer patients (Oken, 1976 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Changes in traditional premises Presently, with regard of disclosure of truth to patients about their cancer diagnosis, seem to have taken a new direction (Novack, Plummer, Smith, 1979 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Despite the arguments for its past appeal, this position has few supporters in contemporary medical ethics literature. Two connected objections have been proposed against the traditional v iewpoint. The first re-checks the basis of the previous argument, whereas the second bring in the idea of autonomy. The first objection refutes both basis of the argument. The proceeding paragraphs will explore on the amendment of the two traditional premises for lying to patient. Premise 1 asserts that in certain circumstances disclosing the truth is associated with more harm compared to the harm caused when lying to the patient (Buchanan, 1978). To holdback from the terminally ill patient the gravity of her impeding end, translates to his deprivation of the opportunity to just say goodbye, to resolve past scores, or to put his or her affairs properly. Progressively, perhaps the patient may contemplate the gravity of the condition and embrace the ideology that she is approaching death (Kubler-Ross, 1969, cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995), such that there will be no gain and may cause the patient to lose faith with the family members and the physician.Advertising We will w rite a custom research paper sample on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, most patients manage well the awareness of there imminent demise and some are actually calmed by it (Kubler-ross, 1975, cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Clearly, the patient does not gain anything from the physician’s deceit (Bok, 1978 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Secondly, the same objection refutes the diction of premise 2. As a matter of fact, the physician’s roles extend far past the patient he or she is attending. He or she must take into consideration the wellbeing of the community as well as other patients. Taking into account the expanded responsibilities, the premise 2 changes as described in the following paragraph (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The second premise asserts that doctors should not be responsible whatsoever in harming the patient. If the deceit of t erminally ill patients is publicized, it means that other patients are anxious of their imminent demise may lose faith in their physicians and probably imagine the worst. Clearly, this unprecedented practice has adverse implications on other patients (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). With the implementation of theses novel premises, it is clear that this exposes the doctor to a dilemma. How will she be able to tell when a lie may cause more good than harm? She would not be able to tell due to the numerous factors to take into account and the best option is one that will cause minimal suffering, which is by consistently telling the truth (Buchanan, 1978). The second objection integrates the notion of autonomy; self-sufficiency. Usually, mature persons have the ability to make decision concerning their lives, so that they focus the path of their destiny. Such objection purports that individuals have the privilege to implement that ability whether or not it causes harm. A person cannot s uccessful practice own autonomy in case s/he does not have enough information to base her or his decisions. Thus, to holdback information from a patient translates to restraining his or her autonomy an act which the physician has no entitlement to (Robinson, 1973 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Physician must tell the truth all the time. A few researchers, nevertheless, still maintain that although a direct lie may be harmful, ‘benevolent deception’ is tolerable (Jackson, 1991). This concept is different from lying in the a daily sense and concerns distortions, elusions and attempt to white wash a patient that is sufficient to qualify as an outright lie.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This maneuver possesses a characteristic which relates to how well it suits the ethics of the ‘white lie’. In fact even the researchers who oppose it, have problem with evading its influence (Bakhurst, 1992). Futuristically, benevolent deception will not succeed in quelling the opposition to aforementioned deceit. Conclusion Health care service consumers who access information on the unethical health care practices have an upper hand in maneuvering through current managed health care processes. Furthermore, certain steps should be taken to curb the ethical decline in health care system. With the increasing knowledge on ethical issues in the health care delivery system, the consumers and professionals can collaborate to campaign against unethical practices such as this. Reference List Bakhurst, D. (1992). On lying and deceiving. Journal of medical ethics; 18: 63-66. Buchanan, A. (1978). Medical paternalism. Philosophy and public affairs; 7: 371-390. Jackson, J. (1991). T elling the truth. Journal of medical ethics; 17: 5-9. Miller, I. (1998). Eleven Unethical Managed Care Practices Every Patient Should Know About. Commack, New York: The National Coalition. Retrieved from www.terryzenner.com/Managed_Care/managed_care.htm Mitchell, K. R., Terence, J. L. (1991). Bioethics for medical and health professionals. Wentworthfalls, NSW: Social Science Press. Ryan, C. J., de Moore, G., Patfield, M. (1995). Becoming none but tradesmen: lies, deception and psychotic patients. Journal of medical ethics; 21: 72-76Â  doi: 10.1136/jme.21.2.72 This research paper on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty was written and submitted by user Kaeden Rhodes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Breakdown Of Society Essays - Parenting, Divorce, Marriage

The Breakdown Of Society Essays - Parenting, Divorce, Marriage The Breakdown of Society : Over the years, people have brought forward hundreds of proposals for the breakdown of society. One of the more popular, or perhaps notorious, depending on your point of view, has placed the blame on the rising predominance of single parent households in society. I personally have trouble believing that one problem can be held responsible for all of societys ills. However, I can definitely see how some people could feel so strongly about this. Coming from a two-parent family, I cannot speak from experience about life in a single parent household; but I do have friends and acquaintances that were brought up in single parent households. When I spent time with these people and their families, it became quite clear to me that their way of life, though not necessarily better or worse than mine, was certainly not the same. They were clearly missing certain aspects of life that I was accustomed to. For instance, while growing up, I always had the experience of two adults on which I could draw in order to form my own opinions, whereas the children who had grown up with only one parent were not afforded this luxury. I always felt bad for them because I had something that they didnt have. Whenever I brought it up, they became very defensive of the parent they lived with, and accused me of being shortsighted. Financially, single parent households seem to be at a definite disadvantage compared to households with both parents. There are many statistics showing how difficult it is to support a family on one income. Even the United States department of Health and Human Services has declared, It is no longer feasible in America to enjoy a middle class standard of living without the presence of two incomes (Burk, 1). This problem seems to be worsened by the unfair system of transfer payments that has been implemented by our government. It becomes a case of two families living on two incomes, rather than the traditional system of one family living on the same two incomes. Recent efforts to criminalize non-payment of child support are ludicrous. It gives boys the message that when they grow up and foolishly become fathers themselves, their lives will be destroyed by bitter wives, just like their fathers before them had their lives ruined. Girls, on the other hand, get the impression that they can grow up and become breeder mommies whose lives will be subsidized by government sanctioned child support. The net effect is bitter children with a warped sense of values. In addition to marring the children, this also poses the question of how a father would be able to pay child support from prison (Burk, 2). Clearly, this is a very obtuse point of view. To blame all of this problem solely on either the mothers or the fathers would be cruelly unfair. Obviously both parents should be held both financially and emotionally responsible for the raising of a child, even if the child only lives with one of these parents. Some fair system must be designed so that a child can be financially supported, without draining the assets of the non-custodial parent. I personally feel that a child would be able to get just as much love and emotional nourishment from one parent as a child would get from both. Though there may be more of a financial burden, I think that children of single parent families can live as full, happy, and successful a life as their two-parent counterparts. Surely, there must be thousands of children from single parent households who have made very successful lives for themselves despite their upbringings. Or, maybe their single parent upbringing actually contr! ibuted to their success. Perhaps some children thrive on the difficulties that they faced as children and are all the better for having gone through it. Statistically, however, far more social pathologies can be found among children from single parent households than can be found among children from two parent households. There is a broad spectrum of these problems, obviously rooted in single parenting: 63% of all youth suicides are committed by children from single parent households; 70% of all teenage pregnancies

What a Java Package Is In Programming

What a Java Package Is In Programming Programmers are an organized bunch when it comes to writing code. They like to arrange their programs so that they flow in a logical way, calling separate blocks of code that each has a particular job. Organizing the classes they write is done by creating packages. What Packages Are A package allows a developer to group classes (and interfaces) together. These classes will all be related in some way – they might all be to do with a specific application or perform a specific set of tasks. For example, the Java API is full of packages. One of them is the javax.xml package. It and its sub packages contain all the classes in the Java API to do with handling XML. Defining a Package To group classes into a package, each class must have a package statement defined at the top of its .java file. It lets the compiler know which package the class belongs to and must be the first line of code. For example, imagine youre making a simple Battleships game. It makes sense to put all the classes needed in a package called battleships: package battleships class GameBoard{ } Every class with the above package statement at the top will now be part of the Battleships package. Typically packages are stored in a corresponding directory on the filesystem but it is possible to store them in a database. The directory on the filesystem must have the same name as the package. Its where all the classes belonging to that package are stored. For example, if the battleships package contains the classes GameBoard, Ship, ClientGUI then there will be files called GameBoard.java, Ship.java and ClientGUI.java stored in a directory call battleships. Creating a Hierarchy Organizing classes doesnt have to be at just one level. Every package can have as many sub packages as needed. To distinguish the package and subpackage a . is placed in-between the package names. For example, the name of the javax.xml package shows that XML is a sub package of the javax package. It doesnt stop there, under XML there are 11 sub packages: bind, crypto, datatype, namespace, parsers, soap, stream, transform, validation, ws, and XPath. The directories on the file system must match the package hierarchy. For example, the classes in the javax.xml.crypto package will live in a directory structure of ..\javax\xml\crypto. It should be noted that the hierarchy created is not recognized by the compiler. The names of the packages and sub-packages show the relationship that the classes they contain have with each other. But, as far as the compiler is concerned each package is a distinct set of classes. It does not view a class in a subpackage as being part of its parent package. This distinction becomes more apparent when it comes to using packages. Naming Packages There is a standard naming convention for packages. Names should be in lowercase. With small projects that only have a few packages the names are typically simple (but meaningful!) names: package pokeranalyzer package mycalculator In software companies and large projects, where the packages might be imported into other classes, the names need to be distinctive. If two different packages contain a class with the same name its important that there can be no naming conflict. This is done by ensuring the package names are different by starting the package name with the company domain, before being split into layers or features: package com.mycompany.utilities package org.bobscompany.application.userinterface

The Role of Larval Therapy as an Alternative to Conventional Treatment Essay

The Role of Larval Therapy as an Alternative to Conventional Treatment for Acute or Chronic Wounds - Essay Example An official history of larval therapy started in the early 1930s when American surgeon William Baer introduced the maggot therapy into the clinical practice (SMTL, 2003). He and his followers used sterile maggots and proved the efficiency of larval therapy of purulent surgical infection. But in spite of the huge amounts of articles published before the Second World War, we cannot use them for current analysis of evidence. The medicine passed long distance since the first attempts to manage heavy wounds were made and simple methods of maggot sterilization were introduced. When the era of antibiotics started medical community forgot about larvae. When surgeons faced the problem of antibiotic resistance and nosocomial infections they thinks were turned back to the larval therapy. But is this medical technology evidence based? To answer this question there was performed information search in the modern electronic databases Medline, Ovid, Direct Science and CIHAHL. The used keywords are presented as follows: â€Å"larval therapy†, â€Å"wound healing†, â€Å"maggot†, and â€Å"evidence-based practice†. Appropriate Boolean operands â€Å"OR†, â€Å"AND† and â€Å"NOR† were used also. To optimize search results and increase their relevance and pertinence the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) thesaurus was applied, e.g. subheadings â€Å"Wound Healing/physiology"[MeSH] and "Larva"[MeSH]. The preferences were given to the systematic reviews, meta-analyses and primary data of randomized clinical trials, i.e. to the information sources of the I level of evidence, as well as to the clinical guidelines based on the best evidence. Evidence-based practice can be determined as the concept of integrating the most current scientific evidence in making decisions about the delivery of healthcare services. There are several levels of evidence depending on the qualitative characteristics and the design of study. The highest level of evidence is represented by meta-analyses and/or systematic  reviews.

Comparing the Great Depression to the Great Recession Essay

Comparing the Great Depression to the Great Recession - Essay Example Economists have often compared the two economic bad that have affected people throughout the world. This paper shall provide a comparative discussion on the two economic phenomena and draw parallels and differences on the two. To achieve this, the essay shall provide an outline understanding of the events that lead to the 1930s great depression, and the economic policy responses that were executed to handle the situation, and thereafter provide an understanding of the events that precipitated the 2008-2009 recession and the policy responses. Finally this paper shall provide a discussion of the major points raised by analysis of both phenomena. The exact cause of the market crash that lead to the great depression in the 1930s has been a subject of great debate, in as much as most economists contend that the 1929 New York market crash was just the smokescreen of the great depression; however, the crises are more complicated and multifaceted (Eichengreen et al., 53). The great depression affected every bit of the world economy: manufacturing, agricultural, financial, political and social, and it is deemed the longest crisis with grave consequences. Much like the global financial crisis that occurred in the late 2000s, the United States led the way, and soon spread to the rest of the world. After the First World War, the period in the 1920s was synonymous with a economic boom, and the world economy was enjoying a period of improved growths, and in a similar manner the United States experiencing high growths was being referred to as the roaring twenties. The economic boom created a situation in which stock prices rose in every sector of the United States, and was not only confined to real estate; in fact, Galbraith (16) insists that between May 1924 and December 1925, there was an average of eighty percent rise in stock prices. To maximize their income on investment that were escalating, investors borrowed heavily, but economic theory always predicts

Strategic Review of LOreal External Environment

Strategic Review of LOreal External Environment This essay firstly introduce LOreal and their main operations in recent years, and then emphasize to analysis their external environment, such as P.E.S.T analysis, five forces analysis, sector level analysis and product life cycles analysis. And in the end analysis the opportunities and threats which the company faces over next 3-5 years 2. Company and Product Overview The LOREAL Group is the worlds largest cosmetics and beauty company and it headquartered in the Paris suburb of Clichy, France. LOREAL has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. LOREAL is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. LOREAL is also the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States. à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E2%80%99Orealà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° It operates in over 130 countries. It markets 18 brands through two divisions, cosmetics and dermatology. The cosmetics division of LOREAL has four segments: professional products, consumer products, luxury products and active cosmetics. The dermatology segment includes dermatological and pharmaceutical activities of the company. LOREAL got its start in the hair-color business, but the company soon branched out into other cleansing and beauty products. LOREAL now markets over 500 brands and many thousands of individual products in all sectors of the beauty business: hair color, permanents, styling aids, body and skin care, cleansers and fragrances. They are found in all distribution channels, from hair salons and perfumeries to hyper and supermarkets, health/beauty outlets, pharmacies and direct mail. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Oreal) 3. External environmental analysis 3.1 P.E.S.T Analysis PEST analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. 3.1.1 Political and Legal Forces The political challenge is that LOreal should conform to all the different government leadership styles in various countries it operates within. LOreal faced a decline in the dermatology branch led by its Galderma brand due to new legislations governing drugs (Euromonitor, 2005). The EU law affects LOreal. LOreal is restricted in their use of certain kinds of chemicals, such as Phthalates which is carcinogenic (The Rules Governing Cosmetic Products in the European Union). LOreal is obligated to produce safe products that do not contain any harmful substances. Also, legislation for advertising is also affecting LOreal. LOreal has to follow the rules set by Advertising Standards Authority. For example, advertisements cannot be misleading that over-exaggerating the functions of a product (The Control of Misleading Advertisements Regulations 1988). Recent policy developments in the European Union (EU), that is the safety of cosmetics is directed standards. Seventh Amendment cosmetics directive finally approved by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, It is expected an immediate ban on animal testing products and a total ban on animal testing of cosmetics raw materials, no later than six years to implement the directive. (Anonymous,http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/more_information/download/ecvam2.pdfà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° In addition, It needs an immediate ban on new cosmetics sales (of finished products and raw materials) and the experimental animal alternative methods have been tested in ecvam and accept the existence of the ban on the sale of cosmetics, on human health affected to a certain extent. It is thought that LOreal should fully understand these policies, and to avoid a violation of these policies and regulations, strictly control chemical products and related banned substances content 3.1.2 Economic Environment Analysis LOreal should adapt to all the different economic environments and problems in all countries it operates in. For example in 2004, LOreal was affected by the continued weakness of the dollar and other currencies. Economic crisis is a bad news for LOreal, The world GDP is fall sharply from 2007 to 2009, The economic downturn will be a great chanllege for the development of LOreal Although the growth last year is below that in 2008 due to the financial crisis, it is fortunate that it still met the target, said Paolo Gasparrini, president of LOreal China, at the 6th China Young Women in Science Fellowship Award Ceremony sponsored by LOreal in Beijing Tuesday. In the first three quarters of 2009, LOreals total gross sales increased 0.7 percent compared to last year, of which growth in Asia, where the Chinese market is a large contributor, totaled 21.2 percent, he said. (http://msn.huanqiu.com/bizchina/2010-01/700911.html) 3.1.3 Social Environment Analysis The culture of countries in which a business operates can be of particular importance. The culture of a country consists of the values, attitudes and beliefs of its people. (David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston: 119). For example, with modern standard of living continues to improve and the level education get higher and higher, the social increasingly recognize the external image, and people are increasingly focusing on the image appearance, the demand of quality and effectiveness of cosmetic and related skin care products become higher and higher. 3.14 Technological Environment Analysis Changes in technology affect the products available to consumers and business, the quality of the products and their functionality. (David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston. 124). Todays society is constantly changing, technology updates means that the product updates, cosmetic update speed, short product life cycles, a cosmetics market, we should immediately prepare for the next period. As the technology develops, people can be more channels to purchase products, business and customer contacts more and more ordinary. So technology is the enterprise competitive advantage. Along with the development of science and technologyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ the latest scientific and technological achievements and advanced technologies rapidly apply in cosmetics industries, particularly biotechnology, nanometer technology, information technology, electronics technology, which provide a lot of opportunities for the development of cosmetics industry. LOreal has strong research and development (RD) capability, According to new technological development, the company registered 529 patents related to cosmetics and dermatology in 2005. (http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) 3.2 Five Forces Analysis According to Porters five forces which determine the nature of competition within an industry. The five forces are: The threat of new entrants to the industry; The threat of substitute products; The power of buyers or customers; The power of suppliers; (to business in the industry) Rivalry among businesses in the industry. Force 1: It is thought that because cosmetic industry needs products quality inspection for safety, and large investments which including technology and a great deal of capital, it is difficult to enter the cosmetic industry. However, at present, there is few entrants can threat LOREAL. Force 2: By reason of many personal cosmetics may contain a series of potentially toxic compounds, including artificial membrane. One research found cosmetics containing some spices and xylene which easily lead to the abortion of pregnant women. Many facial cream are also contain compounds which similar with the role of female hormones. So the threat of substitutes is using pure natural products. Force 3: According to a survey commissioned by New Woman magazine and published in April 2006, the average woman is estimated to spend a staggering  £182,528 on beauty products between the ages of 18 and 80. 5,000 women were questioned, (Anonymous, http://www.keynote.co.uk/kn2k1) eight in ten of whom said they wore make-up every day and almost half of whom admitted that they would not leave the house without it. So the power of buyers is very strong, which is very favorable to LOREAL. Force 4: LOREAL products were sold in many large department stores or supermarkets. The suppliers are all have strong bargaining power. So LOrà ©al should develop a close partnership with suppliers, in order to sell products better. Force 5: The global cosmetics business is intensely competitive, with a few big corporations and a large number of small companies vying for market share. The company competes against global companies such as Avon, Està ©e Lauder, Procter Gamble, Revlon, and a number of smaller companies as well. Of late, those bigger companies sharpened their focus on the market of beauty and personal care products. Increased competition may lead LOrà ©al to price reductions, reduced profit margins and loss of market share. 3.3 Strategic Space/Group Analysis A business can rarely confine its analysis to the level of the industry and markets in which it operates. It must also pay particular attention to its closest competitors who are known as its strategic group. PRICE BRANDING INTENSITY LOW HIGH LOW HIGH Està ©e Lauder Avon Revlon P G LOrà ©al From the strategy groups above, it is obviously that LOrà ©al has a high branding intensity and medium price, therefore compare with other competitor LOrà ©al has competitive advantage. 3.4 Life Cycles Analysis Generally speaking, cosmetic products are in the maturity period of the product life cycle. In this period users tend to saturation and users repeat purchase reliance. In competitive condition competitor fight to maintain market share, but it is difficulty in gaining market share. All competitors emphasis on low cost (efficiency). LOrà ©al should pay attention to the quality of products and improve the packing, in order to keep old customers and attract new customers. 4. Opportunity and threat analysis over next 3-5 years 4.1 Opportunities It is thought that LOrà ©al faces the following opportunities and threats, these main changes will influence the companys planning over the next 3-5years. First of all, it is thought that the opportunity of LOREAL is aging population. The most developed countries are already highly aging society, aged 60 or older in the proportion of the population is above 15%, and for example the percentage of the US population who are over 55 years is forecast to increase from 20% in 2007 to 33% in 2027. (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) This is likely to increase demand for anti-aging products. LOREAL successfully launched many anti-aging products in 2007, including RevitaLift Double Lifting, Collagen Filler, and Lancomes Renergie Morpholift. As aging baby boomers attempt to preserve their looks through anti-aging products, LOREAL will not be short of opportunities. The second opportunity is proposed acquisition of Body Shop. As the rapidly growing of personal care products market, demand for the products is rising as consumers shift to products which are safer and more eco-friendly. The natural personal care products market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 12% a year, to reach an estimated $1 billion in 2010. (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company) The proposed acquisition of the UK-based Body Shop International, a company founded by Anita Roddick that uses primarily organically-derived ingredients, would allow LOREAL to capitalize on the growing demand for natural personal care products. Thirdly, the growth of India and China. LOREAL could offset weak performance in Western Europe by expanding its presence in fast-growing markets such as India and China. The company already has a presence in these two countries, whose economies are forecasted to grow at a high rate in the coming years. In 2007, the companys sales in China grew by 27% while sales in India expanded by 46%. (Anonymous,http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company)Further expansion in China and India may help LOREAL overcome sluggish growth in Western Europe. 4.2 Threats Howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’it is thought that there are three main threats which will influence LOREAL. Firstly, Economic crisis is a bad news for LOreal, The economic downturn will be a great chanllege for the development of LOreal The secondly, the competition is intense in the market. The global cosmetics business is intensely competitive, with a few big corporations and a large number of small companies vying for market share. The company competes against global companies such as Revlon, Estee Lauder and Procter Gamble, (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) in addition to a number of smaller companies. Recently, some big companies have sharpened their focus on beauty and personal care products market, as well as emerging markets. Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced profit margins and loss of market share. The third one are new regulations. Several consumer protection groups are voicing concerns over the presence of harmful chemical ingredients in cosmetic products. A recent study showed that about one-third of cosmetic products contain known carcinogens. (http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) Due to increasing public pressure, in US the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is expected to impose stringent quality norms on cosmetic products. (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) New regulations may delay the launch of new products and result in higher product development expenditure, not to mention the possible effects of the adverse publicity generated by the new regulations. The last one is counterfeiting. The counterfeiting of popular cosmetic products has increased in recent years. Increasing sales of counterfeit products negatively impact the companys sale. Low quality counterfeits also reduce consumer confidence in the products of a company. More important, the companys key differentiator, exclusivity, is damaged by counterfeiting operations. Widespread counterfeits reduce the exclusiveness of the companys brands. Counterfeit products not only deprive the company of revenues, but also dilute the reputation of the brand. 5. Conclusion According the discuss above, it is conclusion that among LOrà ©als external environment, it is thought that the competition of cosmetic and fragrance market become more and more drastic, especially faced with strong competitors, and it is thought that there are opportunities and threats to LOrà ©al, the company should take advantage of these opportunities and to etain its status as the leader of cosmetic and fragrance industry. Word :1779

Poetry Questions Essay

In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s work, â€Å"Nature†, the speaker forces the reader to analyze their core beliefs and values. The speaker asks, â€Å"why should we grope among the dry bones of the past, or put the living generation into masquerade out of its faded wardrobe? The sun shines today also†. By asking this simple question, the speaker is essentially asking the audience why they should accept the beliefs and traditions handed down to them through their ancestors instead of creating their own. This question is furthered when the speaker states, â€Å"There are new lands, new men, new thoughts. Let us demand our own works and laws and worship†. The speaker is making a call to his readers for a change in society. Rather than blindly accept the laws and beliefs from long gone ancestors, the speaker is challenging his audience to be independent thinkers, and follow their own path of discovery, rather than continue to be force fed hundred year old traditions. In the poem, â€Å"Apparently With No Surprise†, the speaker is admiring a flower and suddenly it dies. Through the language in the poem, it seems as though the speaker is questioning whether God oversees life and death within nature. In this poem, nature is portrayed as a brutal assassin, taking the life from an innocent and blooming flower. The Frost is named the murderer, but the speaker says that it has done so in â€Å"accidental power† while at play. The speaker proceeds to question whether there is a God that controls nature’s violent tendancies. In the last few lines of the poem, the speaker answers her own questions, by noting that God is approving of nature’s order, which is reflected in the line that reads, â€Å"The Sun proceeds unmoved to measure off another Day for an Approving God†. The tone of the poem suggests that the speaker things that God is just as malevolent as nature for allowing nature to take its course. 3. The most important characteristic of the landscape in â€Å"Desert Places† is the snow. Frost notes that the ground is â€Å"almost covered smooth in snow†, which gives the reader a sense of coldness and expansive nothingness in an environment that is typically warm and inviting. It seems as though Frost is comparing this desert to himself. By stating that the desert is a â€Å"blanker whiteness of benighted snow with no expression†, Frost gives the reader a sense of emptiness that not only is a characteristic of the snow, but also of how empty and emotionless he feels. Frost ties together the desert and his own emotions in the last few lines of the poem. Frost ties the description of a vast and barren desert with the feelings of emptiness and lack of emotion that he feels about his own life. By ending the poem with the line, â€Å"to scare myself with my own desert places†, Frost displays his fear at his absolute lack of emotion and emptiness. â€Å"Kitchenette Building† uses many terms to explain how life in this urban society feels. Gwendolyn Brooks uses the term â€Å"involuntary plan† to describe the situation that the black speaker is currently in. The â€Å"involuntary plan† describes shady real estate deals that created small, cramped apartments for black tenants from what were previously spacious apartments in white neighborhoods. The speaker is showing the reader how the slum lords have exploited the black tenants in this urban society. The speaker makes reference to the â€Å"garbage ripening in the hall†, which is another way in which the exploitation of the black tenant is made apparent – the simple maintenance of disposing of the trash is ignored by these shady landlords. The speaker also notes that â€Å"we wonder. But not well! Not for a minute!†, which indicates that she doesn’t have the time or the energy to meditate on the problem of exploitation, or any wa y to attempt to change it. As soon as the fifth member of the family emerges from the bathroom, her thoughts shift to more practical things, such as a warm bath. 5. In Allen Ginsberg’s work, â€Å"Howl†, he makes reference to Moloch in an attempt to criticize the society of 1950s America. Moloch refers to a biblical idol to which sacrifices of children were brought. By comparing 1950s American society to this bloodthirsty idol, Ginsberg is painting a clear picture of his view of the era that America had entered into at that time. Ginsberg paints prisons, apartments, and industries as all that is evil with society with the line that reads, â€Å"Moloch! Moloch! Robot apartments! invisible suburbs! skeleton treasuries! blind capitals! Demonic industries!†   Ginsberg is making the point that with the new industrialization of society, the forgotten artists, musicians, and creative thoughts are forgotten, and even given a negative connotation. Ginsberg makes it clear that he believes that the industry with their factories and warehouses only create more of a diversion from the artistic world of colors and music. This point is made though the line that reads, â€Å"Moloch whose factories dream and croak in the fog! Moloch whose smokestacks and antennae crown the cities!† As an artist himself, Ginsberg is forcing society to recognize the apparent evils of the industrialization of his society.6. In Sarah Orne Jewett’s work, â€Å"A White Heron†, the main character, Sylvia is a young girl, who has a love for animals. She is befriended by a hunter, who is tracking a white heron that he intends to kill and add to his collection of stuffed birds. Sylvia perches in a giant pine tree very early in the morning, searching for the heron to make her new friend happy. Sylvia finds the bird nested on a branch not far from where she sits. The bird flies away and Sylvia runs home to tell the hunter where the bird is. Upon returning to her house, however, she has a change of heart and realizes that she cannot tell the hunter where the heron has gone. Though Sylvia obviously has a crush on the hunter, she allows him to go on his way without giving him the location of the heron. Though she is only a child, Sylvia has made a very adult-like choice by electing to save the life of the white heron, and not allowing herself to be coerced into confessing the bird’s whereabouts to the attractive man. Even though the hunter offered Sylvia a $10.00 reward for helping him find the heron, she still chooses to keep silent about the heron’s location. Sylvia realizes that she values life more than any reward she could receive. In William Cullen Bryant’s work, â€Å"To A Waterfowl†, the speaker views a bird in flight and seems to feel an almost spiritual connection with the bird. The speaker admires the bird’s ability to continue on its way, day or night, even with the threat of being hunted by man. The speaker says that, â€Å"All day thy wings have fann’d at that far height, the cold thin atmosphere: Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land, though the dark night is near†. In this line, that speaker is almost admiring the bird’s dedication to continuing on its path until it reaches its destination, without stopping because it is tired. This gives the speaker a sense of pushing forward even when things seem hard or one is weary. The speaker watches the bird and imagines it reaching its destination and finding a â€Å"summer home, and rest†, which is the bird’s reward for its dedication. The bird disappears into the sky, and the speaker feels that the bird has been cared for by God. This thought makes the speaker realize that if God can care and provide for a bird, God can certainly guide the path of the speaker.